Introduction to Docker:
Containerization is a lightweight method of running
applications in isolated environments using shared OS kernels, while
virtualization uses full virtual machines with separate operating systems to
achieve isolation.
Containerization:
Running applications in isolated user spaces (containers) on the same operating system kernel.
- Technology:
Docker, Podman, containerd
- Isolation
Level: Process-level isolation using namespaces and cgroups
- Resource
Usage: Lightweight — shares OS kernel, faster startup, lower overhead
- Portability:
Highly portable across environments (dev, test, prod)
- Use Case: Microservices, CI/CD pipelines, cloud-native apps.
Virtualization:
Running multiple operating systems on a single physical machine using a hypervisor.
- Technology:
VMware, VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V
- Isolation
Level: Full OS-level isolation — each VM has its own OS and kernel
- Resource
Usage: Heavy — requires more CPU, RAM, and disk space
- Portability:
Less portable due to OS dependencies
- Use Case: Legacy applications, multi-OS testing, infrastructure-level isolation
